For many people, the first thing that comes to mind when talking about cybersecurity is antivirus software. However, modern cyber threats go far beyond traditional computer viruses. While antivirus software remains an important element of protection, an effective strategy for preventing attacks and minimizing the risk of data or financial loss must encompass a much broader range of tools and processes.
Cybercriminals have a vast arsenal of attack techniques and methods. In public discourse, terms such as phishing, ransomware, DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) attacks, and social engineering are frequently mentioned.
Cybersecurity experts point out that these techniques continue to evolve and adapt to better target potential victims. In 2025, it is worth paying attention to three key areas:
Passkeys are replacing passwords
Passwords remain a weak link. With the rise of phishing and authentication attacks, companies are shifting to passkeys—biometric or cryptographic authentication methods that enhance security and user convenience. Tech giants like Google and Apple are leading this transition.
Phishing is becoming hyper-personalized
Generic phishing emails are a thing of the past. Attackers now use in-depth research and social media data to create highly targeted campaigns that appear legitimate. AI-generated messages mimic real conversations, making social engineering more effective. Organizations must invest in advanced detection and employee awareness to stay protected.
Deepfakes are a growing threat
AI-powered deepfake technology is becoming an increasing cybersecurity threat. Criminals use AI-generated profiles impersonating managers or other trusted individuals to bypass security measures and manipulate employees into revealing confidential information. One well-known method involves using filters during video calls to impersonate someone in real time. Companies must strengthen verification protocols and educate employees on detecting deepfakes.
When antivirus software is not enough
Antivirus software is designed to detect, block, and remove malicious programs such as viruses, trojans, and spyware. Its functionality relies on databases of known threats. However, cybercriminal techniques are evolving beyond the capabilities of traditional antivirus solutions. Attacks like phishing, ransomware, social engineering, and deepfakes are not directly linked to classic malware and often require more advanced protection methods.
How to stay secure?
First and foremost, by implementing modern authentication methods, identity management, and incident detection systems that can indicate potential attacks. This includes using multi-factor authentication (MFA), integrating with identity management systems like Keycloak, and monitoring activity through SIEM (Security Information and Event Management) tools. Such an approach enables real-time identification and response to unusual behavior that may signal a system compromise.
Start by structuring the process
A well-structured cybersecurity process begins with a thorough risk assessment and threat identification. At this stage, an organization inventories all IT assets, including devices, systems, applications, and data. It is crucial to determine which of these assets are the most sensitive and require special protection. Next, a risk analysis should be conducted to evaluate potential threats, their impact on business operations, and the likelihood of occurrence. This helps identify the key areas that require the most protection.
The next step is to develop a comprehensive security policy. This includes a set of rules and procedures governing all aspects of technology use within the organization—from password and access management to guidelines for mobile device usage and remote work. At this stage, it is essential to consider applicable legal regulations, such as GDPR, and industry standards.
Once policies are established, the next step is implementing the necessary security technologies and tools, such as the previously mentioned Keycloak. This stage involves integrating security measures like multi-factor authentication (MFA), data encryption, and IT infrastructure monitoring systems like SIEM (Security Information and Event Management). Simultaneously, mechanisms for regular software updates and data backups should be introduced to enable quick system recovery in the event of an incident.
When designing a cybersecurity process, it is important to recognize that humans are often the weakest link in security. Increasing employee awareness through training programs is critical. These programs educate staff on different attack techniques and real-world examples, helping them identify potential threats.
The final, but equally important, component is monitoring and incident response. Organizations should have clearly defined procedures for responding to security breaches, ensuring rapid detection, analysis, and mitigation of cyberattacks.